City in Queensland, Australia
Cairns (, ) [ note 1 ] is a city in Queensland, Australia, [ 4 ] on the tropical north east seashore of Far North Queensland. The population in June 2019 was 153,952, having grown on average 1.02 % annually over the preceding five years. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The city is the 5th-most-populous in Queensland, and 14th in Australia. [ citation needed ]
Reading: Cairns – Wikipedia
The city was founded in 1876 and named after Sir William Wellington Cairns, following the discovery of gold in the Hodgkinson river. [ 7 ] Throughout the late nineteenth century, Cairns prospered from the settlement of chinese immigrants who helped develop the regions department of agriculture. Cairns besides served as a port for blackbirding ships, bringing slaves and apprenticed labourers to the sugar plantations of Innisfail. [ 8 ] During World War II, the city became a spy ground for the Allied Forces in the Battle of the Coral Sea. By the deep twentieth hundred the city had become a concentrate of international tourism, and in the early twenty-first hundred has developed into a major metropolitan city. Cairns is a popular tourist destination because of its tropical climate and access to tropical rain forest and the Great Barrier Reef, one of the seven lifelike wonders of the worldly concern .
history [edit ]
Prior to British village, the Cairns area was inhabited by the Gimuy Walubara Yidinji people, [ 9 ] [ 10 ] who still claim their native title rights. [ 11 ] Yidinji ( besides known as Yidinj, Yidiny, and Idindji ) is an australian Aboriginal language. Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of Cairns Region and Tablelands Region, in such localities as Cairns, Gordonvale, and the Mulgrave River, and the southern share of the Atherton Tableland including Atherton and Kairi. The sphere in which the city is located is known in the local Yidiny linguistic process as Gimuy, [ 9 ] and the kin who inhabited the area before colonization are the Gimuy-walubarra kin. [ 10 ]
1874 map showing native wells situated within the future web site of Cairns From 1770 to the early 1870s the area was known to the british simply as Trinity Bay. The arrival of beche de mer fishermen from the late 1860s saw the first base european bearing in the area. On the site of the contemporary Cairns foreshore, there was a bombastic native well which was used by these fishermen. A violent confrontation occurred in 1872 between local Yidinji people and Phillip Garland, a beche de mer fisherman, over the practice of this well. The area from this date was subsequently called Battle Camp. [ 12 ] In 1876, hastened by the indigence to export gold mined from the Hodgkinson goldfields on the tablelands to the west, closer investigation by several official expeditions established its potential for exploitation into a port. Brinsley G. Sheridan surveyed the sphere and selected a plaza further up Trinity Inlet known to the diggers as Smith’s Landing for a village which he renamed Thornton. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] however, after native Police officers Alexander Douglas-Douglas and Robert Arthur Johnstone opened a newfangled track from the goldfields to Battle Camp, this more coastal locate became preferable. [ 15 ] Battle Camp was renamed Cairns in deep 1876 in honor of the then Governor of Queensland, William Cairns. The web site was predominantly mangrove swamps and sandpaper ridges. Labourers gradually cleared the swamps, and the backbone ridges were filled with dried mire, sawdust from local sawmills, and ballast from a prey at Edge Hill. The Cairns Parish of the Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown ( immediately the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns ) was established in 1884. [ 16 ]
farm in Cairns in 1897
Cairns War Memorial, circa 1936 Debris from the construction of a railroad track to Herberton on the Atherton Tableland, a project which started in 1886, was besides used. The railway opened up land former used for agribusiness on the lowlands ( sugar cane, corn, rice, banana, pineapples ), and for fruit and dairy output on the Tableland. The success of local agribusiness helped establish Cairns as a port, and the universe of a harbor board in 1906 supported its full-bodied economic future. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The Wharf Estate Cairns went on sale in Brisbane via auction on 19 February 1889 by John Macnamara & Co. Land Auctioneers. The land was character of the position known as the Railway Reserve. The sale was described by the Auctioneers as the ‘largest ever so far held in Northern Queensland ‘. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] On 25 April 1926 ( ANZAC Day ), the Cairns Sailors and Soldiers War Memorial was unveiled by Alexander Frederick Draper, the mayor of the City of Cairns. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] During World War II, the Allied Forces used Cairns as a stage base for operations in the Pacific, [ 24 ] with United States Army Air Forces and Royal Australian Air Force operational bases ( now the airport ), angstrom well as a major military seaplane base in Trinity Inlet, and United States Navy and Royal Australian Navy bases near the current wharf. Combat missions were flown out of Cairns in documentation of the Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942. Edmonton and White Rock south of Cairns were major military add areas and U.S. Paratroopers trained at Gordonvale and the Goldsborough Valley. A special Forces training infrastructure was established at the honest-to-god “ Fairview “ homestead on Munro ‘s Hill, Mooroobool. This nucleotide was officially known as the Z Experimental Station, [ 25 ] but referred to colloquially as “ The House on the Hill ”. After World War II, Cairns gradually developed into a center for tourism. The opening of the Cairns International Airport in 1984 helped establish the city as a desirable finish for external tourism. In the 2016 census the urban area of Cairns had a population of 144,730 people. [ 26 ] The population in June 2019 was 153,951. [ 1 ]
Demographics [edit ]
According to the 2016 census of population, there were 144,787 people in Cairns ( Significant Urban Area ) .
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 8.9% of the population.
- 67.9% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 4.0%, New Zealand 3.1%, Papua New Guinea 1.5%, Philippines 1.2% and Japan 1.1%.
- 76.9% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Japanese 1.6%, Mandarin 0.8%, Italian 0.7%, Korean 0.7% and German 0.6%.
- The most common responses for religion were No Religion 32.1%, Catholic 22.4%, Anglican 13.2%, Not stated 12.2%, Uniting Church: 3.6%.[27]
geography [edit ]
The Skyrail Rainforest Cableway goes over the rain forest and is one of the city ‘s main tourist attractions .
The Mulgrave River running through the Goldsbrough Valley to the south of Gordonvale .
Fruit bats hanging from a mango tree, central Cairns Cairns is located on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula on a coastal strip between the Coral Sea and the Great Dividing Range. The northern function of the city is located on Trinity Bay and the city center is located on Trinity Inlet. To the south of the Trinity Inlet lies the Aboriginal community of Yarrabah. Some of the city ‘s suburbs are located on flood plains. The Mulgrave River and Barron River flow within the greater Cairns sphere but not through the Cairns CBD. The city ‘s center foreshore is located on a mud two-dimensional .
urban layout [edit ]
City center of Cairns Cairns is a provincial city, with a linear urban layout that runs from the south at Edmonton to the north at Ellis Beach. The city is approximately fifty-two kilometer ( 32 mi ) from north to south ; it has experienced a late urban sprawl, with suburbs occupying estate once used for boodle cane agrarian. The Northern Beaches consist of a number of beach communities extending union along the slide. In general, each beach suburb is at the end of a spur road extending from the Captain Cook Highway. From south to north, these are Machans Beach, Holloways Beach, Yorkeys Knob, Trinity Park, Trinity Beach, Kewarra Beach, Clifton Beach, Palm Cove, and Ellis Beach. The suburb of Smithfield is inland against the mountains of the Great Dividing Range, between Yorkeys Knob and Trinity Park. It serves as the main hub for the Northern Beaches, with a mod denounce arcade, called Smithfield Shopping Centre. South of Smithfield and inland from the Northern Beaches along the edge of the Barron River flood homely are the suburbs of Caravonica, Kamerunga, Freshwater, and Stratford. This area is sometimes referred to as Freshwater Valley, though it is actually the lower part of Redlynch Valley ; further up the valley are the suburbs of Redlynch, on the western english of Redlynch Valley, and Brinsmead on the eastern side. Stratford, Freshwater, and Brinsmead are separated from Cairns city by Mount Whitfield ( elevation 365 megabyte ( 1,198 foot ) ) and Whitfield Range. Crystal Cascades and Copperlode Falls Dam are besides behind this roll. ( Kuranda, a town on the Barron River on the westerly side of the Macalister Range, forms part of the Cairns economic catchment but is in the Tablelands local government area and is not part of the Cairns urban area. ) The city center of Cairns is adjacent to the suburb of Cairns North, and Parramatta Park, Bungalow, Portsmith, and close to Westcourt, Manunda, Manoora, Edge Hill, Whitfield, Kanimbla, City View, Mooroobool, Earlville, Woree and Bayview Heights. The little suburb of Aeroglen is pressed between Mount Whitfield and the airport, on the Captain Cook Highway between Cairns North and Stratford. Southside Cairns, situated in a narrow sphere between Trinity Inlet to the east and Lamb Range to the west, includes the suburb of White Rock, Mount Sheridan, Bentley Park and Edmonton. The townships of Goldsborough, Little Mulgrave, and Aloomba are dear Gordonvale, on the Mulgrave River. This area is serviced by the Bruce Highway. several other humble towns and communities within Cairns ‘ legal power are sparsely located along the Bruce Highway, the furthest being Bramston Beach, 81 kilometer ( 50 myocardial infarction ) south of the Cairns CBD ; the largest of these townships is Babinda, approximately 60 km ( 37 mile ) from the city .
climate [edit ]
tropical beach in Cairns
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Cairns experiences a tropical climate, specifically a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) under the Köppen climate categorization. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] A wet temper with heavy monsoonal downpours runs from November to May, with a relatively dry season from June to October, though light showers occur during this period. [ 30 ] Cairns ‘ mean annual rain is merely under 2,000 millimetres ( 79 in ), although monthly totals in the wet season from December to April can exceed 1,000 mm ( 39 in ), with the highest monthly rain being recorded in January 1981, where over 1,417.4 mm ( 55.80 in ) of rain fell. [ 31 ] In contrast, a little as 721 millimetres or 28.39 inches fell in the record dry calendar year of 2002. Babinda, a town to the south of the city, is Australia ‘s wettest town, recording an annual rain of over 4,200 mm ( 170 in ). Cairns has hot, humid summers and identical warm winters. [ 30 ] Mean maximum temperatures vary from 26.2 °C ( 79.2 °F ) in July to 31.7 °C ( 89.1 °F ) in January. Monsoonal action during the moisture temper occasionally causes major flood of the Barron and Mulgrave Rivers, cutting off-road and rail access to the city. Cairns has 97.0 clear days, annually. Dewpoint in the wet season ( summer ) averages at 23 °C ( 73 °F ). The average temperature of the sea ranges from 23.8 °C ( 74.8 °F ) in July to 29.4 °C ( 84.9 °F ) in January. [ 32 ]
tropical cyclones [edit ]
Like most of North and Far North Queensland, Cairns is prone to tropical cyclones, normally forming between November and May. luminary cyclones that have affected the Cairns area include :
Facilities [edit ]
The City Library, operated by the Cairns Regional Council, opened in 1979 [ 35 ] and is situated at 151 Abbott Street. [ 36 ] A major renovation was undertaken in 1999 and a further minor renovation was implemented in 2011. [ 35 ] Public accessible wireless local area network is available. [ 36 ] Current Library services and collections can be accessed from the Cairns Libraries web site. [ 37 ]
heritage listings [edit ]
Cairns has a number of heritage-listed sites, including :
government [edit ]
The Lagoon on the Cairns Esplanade on the left, separated by the boardwalk from the ocean on the right, at low tide on the Cairns Esplanade on the leave, separated by the boardwalk from the ocean on the right, at low tide Cairns is contribution of the Cairns Region local government area which is governed by a Regional Council. The Council consists of a directly elected mayor and 10 councillors, elected from 10 single-member divisions ( or wards ) using an optional discriminatory vote system. Elections are held every four years. The Cairns Region consists of three former local government areas. The first was the master City of Cairns, consisting of the Cairns City region as listed above. The moment, which was amalgamated in 1995, was the Shire of Mulgrave ( comprising the other areas, namely the Northern Beaches, Redlynch Valley and Southside ). The town of Gordonvale was once called Nelson. The third area is the Shire of Douglas, which amalgamated in 2008 during major statewide local government reforms. At the prison term of the 1995 amalgamation, Cairns City had a population of approximately 40,000 and Mulgrave Shire had a population of approximately 60,000. Both local politics authorities had chambers in the Cairns CBD. The old Cairns City Council chambers has been converted into a new city library. In a controversial decision, [ 68 ] new Council chambers were constructed on previously contaminated kingdom in the chiefly industrial suburb of Portsmith. Cairns has three representatives in the Queensland Parliament, from the electoral districts of Barron River, Cairns and Mulgrave. The city is represented in the Federal Parliament by representatives elected from the districts of Leichhardt and Kennedy .
economy [edit ]
Cairns at night ; the wharves. The casino ‘s dome can be seen in the setting .
Cairns Pier Cairns serves as the major commercial kernel for the Far North Queensland and Cape York Peninsula Regions. It is a basal for the regional offices of respective politics departments .
tourism [edit ]
Tourism plays a major part in the Cairns economy. According to Tourism Australia, the Cairns region is the fourth-most-popular address for external tourists in Australia after Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. [ 71 ] While the city does not rank amongst Australia ‘s top 10 destinations for domestic tourism, it attracts a significant number of australian holiday makers despite its distance from major capitals. [ 72 ] There is besides a growing pastime in Cairns from the chinese leisure market with regular scheduled direct flights from chinese cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. During the 2013 Chinese Lunar New Year period alone, Cairns saw 20,000 chinese holidaymakers flying in on lease flights. [ 73 ] The city is near the Great Barrier Reef, the Wet Tropics of Queensland, and the Atherton Tableland. Great Barrier Reef tours that operate on from Cairns are identical popular and therefore Cairns is besides considered as the gateway to Great Barrier Reef. The Cairns esplanade includes a swim lagoon with adjoining barbecue areas. In May 2003, the then Cairns Mayor Kevin Byrne declared that bare-breasted sun is permitted here. [ 74 ] [ 75 ] many leisure activities are conducted in this area, including flea market, sports classes and many more .
commercial [edit ]
respective shop centres of diverse sizes are located throughout Cairns. The largest of these are Cairns Central shop center, located in the cardinal business zone ( CBD ), and Stockland Cairns, located in the suburb of Earlville. In Westcourt, one of the city ‘s oldest shopping centres has been refurbished, with the city ‘s first DFO. [ 76 ] [ 77 ] To service the needs of suburb further from the city center, shopping complexes are besides located at Mount Sheridan, Redlynch, Smithfield, and Clifton Beach. In 2010, the country politics opened the second stage of William McCormack Place, an A $ 80 million office build credited as the first 6-star fleeceable star-rated building in the city. [ 78 ]
Media [edit ]
The Cairns Post is a casual newspaper published in the city ; a weekly newspaper, The Cairns Sun, is besides published. The Courier-Mail is a casual Queensland-wide newspaper published in Brisbane. The Australian newspaper besides circulates widely. The Cairns Bulletin is an freelancer newspaper in circulation in the Cairns area. Cairns is served by five television stations, three commercial television receiver stations ( WIN Television, Seven Queensland and Southern Cross 10 ) which are regional affiliates of the three australian commercial television networks ( 10, Seven and Nine ), and public broadcasters the ABC and SBS [ 79 ] services. All three independent commercial networks produce local news coverage – Seven Queensland and WIN Television both air out 30-minute local news bulletins at 6pm each weeknight, produced from newsrooms in the city but broadcast from studios in Maroochydore and Wollongong respectively. Southern Cross 10 airs a regional Queensland news updates of 10 News First. Cairns radio receiver stations include a phone number of public, commercial and community broadcasters. The ABC broadcasts ABC Far North, ABC Radio National, ABC NewsRadio, ABC Classic FM and the Triple J young person network. commercial radio stations include Star 102.7, 4CA 846 AM, Hot FM, Sea FM and 104.3 4TAB sports radio, while the community radio stations are 4CCR-FM, 101.9 Coast FM, Orbit FM 88.0FM & 87.8FM and 4CIM 98.7FM .
diligence and agribusiness [edit ]
The land around Cairns is still used for carbohydrate cane grow, although this land is increasingly under pressure from modern suburbs as the city grows. The Mulgrave Sugar Mill is located in Gordonvale ( ). [ 80 ] [ 81 ] The Barron Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station is located nearby on the lower Barron River, and provides green power .
transport [edit ]
Cairns is an important conveyance hub in the Far North Queensland area. Located at the free-base of Cape York Peninsula, it provides important enchant links between the Peninsula and Gulf of Carpentaria regions, and the areas to the south of the state. Cairns International Airport is essential to the viability of the area ‘s tourism industry .
Roads [edit ]
The Bruce Highway runs for 1,700 km ( 1,056 michigan ) from Bald Hills on the City of Brisbane ‘s northerly boundary, and terminates in Woree, a southern suburb in Cairns. The Captain Cook Highway ( besides referred as the Cook Highway ) commences at Aeroglen, a northerly suburb of Cairns, and runs for approximately 76 km ( 47 secret intelligence service ) northwest to Mossman. [ 82 ] A need for future upgrades to the Bruce Highway to motorway standards through the southerly suburbs to Gordonvale has been identified in regional planning strategies to cope with increasing congestion from rapid population emergence. This will result in overpasses at all major intersections from Woree to Gordonvale. The expressway will divert from Bentley Park to Gordonvale, bypassing Edmonton to reduce the effects of road make noise on residential areas. [ 83 ] The Kennedy Highway commences at Smithfield on the Barron River flood plain north of Cairns, and ascends the Macalister Range to the township of Kuranda. The highway then extends to the town of Mareeba on the Atherton Tableland, and continues to communities of Cape York Peninsula. The Gillies Highway commences at the township of Gordonvale, and ascends the Gillies Range ( part of the Great Dividing Range ) to the town of Atherton on the Atherton Tableland, passing through the township of Yungaburra on the room. The controversial private road, Quaid Road, was constructed in 1989 through what is now a Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, and links Wangetti, on the coast precisely north of Cairns, to Southedge, barely confederacy of Mount Molloy. The road is not receptive to the public and is not used for general traffic .
bus topology [edit ]
A populace bus topology transit network exists within the city, with two passage hubs located within the CBD : the Cairns Central Railway Station precinct, and the Cairns City Bus Station located within the Lake street and Shield street sphere, through which all bus lines operate and provide linkage to taxi, ride contribution and intercity track services. [ 84 ] The passage net includes most parts of the city, from Palm Cove in the union, Gordonvale in the south and Redlynch to the west. It is managed throughout the city by Translink : through a overhaul contract with the Sunbus Cairns company, however the Go Card ticketing organization has not been implemented in the region. A smaller shuttle bus service, Jon’s Kuranda Bus runs between Cairns and Kuranda alongside other individual bus services. The chief bus hub in the Cairns CBD are the Cairns City bus station, opened in 2014, [ 85 ] and at Cairns Central, the former serve about all bus lines in Cairns. [ 86 ] Cairns is served by long-distance coaches to Brisbane, and regional cities to the confederacy. Coaches besides operate west to Mount Isa via Townsville, and to Alice Springs and Darwin in the Northern Territory .
Taxis and transportation system network companies [edit ]
Cairns besides has a major taxi company, Cairns Taxis, which services the Cairns region. Uber was introduced to the region in March 2017, [ 87 ] servicing the greater region. [ 88 ] Ola launched in February 2020. [ 89 ]
track [edit ]
[90] Railway workers on the Cairns Railway with a opinion of Glacier Rock in the background, ca. 1891. Cairns railroad track station is the terminus for Queensland ‘s North Coast railroad track line, which follows the easterly seaside from Brisbane. Services are operated by Queensland Rail ( QR ) and include the high-speed Diesel Tilt Train. Freight trains besides operate along the route, with a QR Freight handling facility located at Portsmith. Pacific National Queensland ( a division of Pacific National, owned by Asciano Limited ) operates a rail side at Woree. It runs private trains on the track network owned by the Queensland State Government and managed by QR ‘s Network Division. The Kuranda Scenic Railway operates from Cairns. The tourist railroad track ascends the Macalister Range and is not used for commuter services. It passes through the suburbs of Stratford, Freshwater ( stopping at Freshwater Station ) and Redlynch before reaching Kuranda. Freight services to Forsayth were discontinued in the mid-1990s. These were interracial freight and passenger services that served the semi-remote towns west of the Great Dividing Range. There is now a hebdomadally passenger-only avail, The Savannahlander, that leaves Cairns on Wednesday mornings. The Savannahlander is run by a private company, Cairns Kuranda Steam Trains. Cairns is served by a narrow gauge cane railway ( or cane trail ) net that haul harvested sugar cane to the Mulgrave Sugar Mill located in Gordonvale. The press of urban sprawl on land previously cultivated by cane farmers has seen this net reduced over recent years. [ 91 ]
airport [edit ]
Cairns International Airport is 7 kilometer ( 4 myocardial infarction ) union of Cairns City between the CBD and the Northern Beaches. The domestic end at Cairns Airport underwent an extensive renovation which began in 2007 and was completed in 2010. The airport has a domestic terminal, an external end, and a general aviation area. The airport handles international flights, and flights to major australian cities, tourist destinations, and regional destinations throughout North Queensland. It is an important base for general aviation serving the Cape York Peninsula and Gulf of Carpentaria communities. The Cairns airport is besides a base for the Royal Flying Doctor Service .
port [edit ]
Cairns Marina The Cairns Seaport, located on Trinity Inlet, is operated by the Cairns Port Authority. [ 92 ] It serves as an important port for tourist operators providing casual reef trips. These dwell of large catamarans capable of carrying over 300 passengers, equally well as smaller operators that may take arsenic few as 12 tourists. Cairns Port is besides a port of name for cruise ships, such as Captain Cook Cruises, cruising the South Pacific Ocean. It besides provides freight services to coastal townships on Cape York Peninsula, the Torres Strait and the Gulf of Carpentaria. annually cargo through the port totals 1.13 million tonnes. about 90 % of the trade is bulge cargoes [ 93 ] – including petroleum, carbohydrate, molasses, fertilizer and LP gas. A big number of fishing trawlers are besides located at the port. There is besides a marina that houses secret yachts and boats used for tourist operations. The Trinity Wharf has recently been the submit of a major renovation to improve the area for tourist and cruise ship operations. [ citation needed ] The freight wharves are located to the confederacy of Trinity Wharf further up Trinity Inlet .
defense facilities [edit ]
The Royal Australian Navy has a base in Cairns ( HMAS Cairns ). [ 94 ] The base has a complement of 900 personnel, and supports nine vessels, including :
- Three Armidale-class patrol boats of Ardent Division.
- Two Cape-class patrol boats.
Four ships of the Royal Australian Navy Hydrographic Service .
previously four of the six Balikpapan -class landing craft where based before their decommission [ 94 ] Porton Barracks, in the outlying suburb of Edmonton, is home to the australian Army ‘s 51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment. Delta Company from the Townsville based 31st/42nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment is besides based here. Both units are components of the australian Army Reserve .
sister cities [edit ]
A excerpt of memorabilia and artefacts relating to Cairns Sister Cities is displayed at Cairns City Library. [ 95 ]
education [edit ]
Cairns has numerous chief and secondary schools. branch systems of private and populace schools operate in Queensland. There are 20 state elementary schools and 16 state high schools operated by the Queensland state government Department of Education within the Cairns City Council area, including 6 schools in the predominantly rural areas south of Gordonvale. catholic schools are operated by catholic Education Cairns. The Catholic system encompasses nineteen primary schools, six secondary colleges and one P-12 college. [ 96 ] The oldest Marist Brothers college in Cairns is St Augustine ‘s, which is a secondary college. [ 97 ] As of 2014 there were about 6,700 primary students and 4,000 secondary students enrolled in the Roman Catholic school arrangement. [ 98 ] There are besides four other mugwump schools – Peace Lutheran College, Trinity Anglican School, Freshwater Christian College and Redlynch State College. There is besides Hinterland Cairns Steiner School, which is independent. The Cairns Campus of James Cook University is located at Smithfield. CQUniversity Australia has established a discipline concentrate in Cairns. [ 99 ] The city besides hosts a TAFE college, and a School of the Air base, both located in the inner suburb of Manunda .
Health [edit ]
The Cairns Hospital from the air facing south. The Cairns Hospital is situated on the Cairns Esplanade and is the major hospital for the Cape York Peninsula area. The smaller Cairns Private Hospital is located nearby. A new build up ascribable to be completed in 2015 will provide up to 168 more beds. [ 100 ] Cairns is a base for the Royal Flying Doctor Service, which operates clinics and provides hand brake evacuations in distant communities throughout the area .
sport and refreshment [edit ]
Cairns is home to Far North Queensland Heat, who play in the 2nd tier of association football in Australia. They compete in the NPL Queensland which is one tier under the A-League. The team has represented the city nationally previously at the 2014 FFA Cup. The team competes at Barlow Park. The Cairns region has a large association football community with a local rival which spans from Port Douglas to Innisfail and west to Dimbulah. celebrated association football players from the region include Socceroos Frank Farina, Steve Corica, Shane Stefanutto and Michael Thwaite .
australian rules [edit ]
Cairns has a seven-team australian rules football competition between teams from the Cairns and Port Douglas region. AFL Cairns presently hosts one AFL game each season. There is besides an AFL Masters team that is based in Cairns, they are known as the Cairns Stingers .
Cazaly ‘s stadium
baseball [edit ]
There is a baseball league at Trinity Beach. [ 101 ]
basketball [edit ]
Cairns has a National Basketball League ( NBL ) team, the Cairns Taipans whose dwelling court is the Cairns Convention Centre, known as The Snakepit during Taipans home games .
Rugby coupling [edit ]
Cairns besides hosts growing bases for Rugby union .
Rugby league [edit ]
The Northern Pride Queensland Cup rugby league team played their first season in 2008, and act as a eater team to the North Queensland Cowboys who play in the National Rugby League. Cairns is represented by 11 senior clubs, most notably Brothers Cairns, Ivanhoes Knights, Cairns Kangaroos, Edmonton Storm and Southern Suburbs Cockatoos in the Cairns District Rugby League .
Sporting facilities [edit ]
Cairns Museum celebrated sporting grounds include Barlow Park, Parramatta Park, Cazaly ‘s Stadium, the Cairns Convention Centre, and the Cairns Hockey Centre. The Cairns Showground is used for sports adenine well, as the Cairns Show and funfairs. [ 102 ]
Outdoor sports [edit ]
Cairns is a major international address for water sports and aqualung diving due to its close proximity to the Great Barrier Reef. other recreational activities popular with tourists include white water raft, sky dive, attend glide, kitesurfing and snorkelling .
Amenities [edit ]
Established in 1978, the Cairns & District Chinese Association is an arts and heritage constitution seeking to preserve the taiwanese culture and heritage of Cairns and North Queensland and enriching the contemporary cultural, social and economic diverseness of the community. The society organises events such as the Chinese New Year Festival, organises Lion dancers and dragon boat race, maintains the Lit Sung Goong Temple, and offers chinese language classes and social group activities. [ 103 ] Established in 1989, the Cairns and District Family History Society maintains a library of cosmopolitan genealogy material at 271 Gatton Street, Westcourt. The club publishes new genealogic resources based on collecting and indexing family information relating to Far North Queensland. [ 104 ] The Cairns Historical Society operates the Cairns Museum and Cairns Historical Society Resource Centre at the former Cairns School of Arts build on the corner of Lake and Shields Streets in Cairns City. [ 105 ] The Cairns ramify of the Queensland Country Women ‘s Association meets at 264 Grafton Street, Cairns North. [ 106 ] St Monica ‘s Catholic Cathedral is at 183 Abbott Street. It is within the Cairns Cathedral Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns. [ 16 ]
autochthonal languages and representation [edit ]
The Yidiny language is a outstanding lyric of the Cairns sphere. [ 107 ] Irukandji linguistic process ( besides known as Yirrgay, Yurrgay, Yirrgandji, Djabuganjdji and Yirgay ) is a language of Far North Queensland, peculiarly the area around the Kuranda Range and Lower Barron River. The Irukandji terminology region includes the landscape within Cairns Regional Council. [ 107 ] Yumplatok ( besides known as Torres Strait Creole and Broken ) is a contemporary Torres Strait Island language originating in the Torres Strait. The contact with missionaries and others since the 1800s has led to the development of a pidgin linguistic process, which transitioned into a creole terminology and now has its own distinctive sound system, grammar, vocabulary, custom and meaning. Torres Strait Creole is spoken by most Torres Strait Islanders and is a assortment of Standard Australian English and traditional languages. It is an English-based creole ; however, each island has its own translation of creole. Torres Strait Creole is besides spoken on the australian mainland, including Northern Peninsula Area Region and coastal communities such as Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Rockhampton and Brisbane. [ 107 ] There are four Traditional Owner groups representing the rights and interests of the peoples of the Cairns region. The Dawul Wuru ( Yirrganydji ) Aboriginal Corporation represents traditional Owners in the area between Cairns and Port Douglas. Native title rights have been granted to the Djabugay people over land and waters within the Barron Gorge National Park near Kuranda. The Gunggandji people hold rights over more than 7,500 hour angle ( 19,000 acres ) on the Yarrabah Peninsula. The fourth group represents the Yidinji clans, and comprises Gimuy Walubara Yidinji, Dulabed Malanbarra and Yidinji, Mandingalbay Yidinji and Wadjanbarra Tableland Yidinji. [ 108 ]
celebrated people [edit ]
gallery [edit ]
See besides [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
- ^[2][3] however, most Australians consider it erroneous and rather pronounce it [ ˈkæːnz ] when referring to the city. In non-Australian dialects, the city is normally pronounced as, however, most Australians consider it erroneous and preferably pronounce itwhen referring to the city .
References [edit ]
